Создатели искусственного гения. О бунтарях, которые наделили интеллектом Google, Facebook и весь мир - Кейд Метц

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks”, 2014, https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6564

318 https://deepmind.com/research/case-studies/alphago-the-story-so-far

319 Cade Metz, “Google’s AI Is About to Battle a Go Champion – But This Is No Game”, Wired, March 8, 2016, http://wired.com/2016/03/googles-ai-taking-one-worlds-top-go-players/

320 Metz, “What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human”.

321 Там же.

322 Google Annual Report, 2015, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000165204416000012/goog10-k2015.htm

323 Metz, “What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human”.

324 Cade Metz, “How Google’s AI Viewed the Move No Human Could Understand”, Wired, March 14, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/03/googles-ai-viewed-move-no-human-understand

325 Cade Metz, “Go Grandmaster Lee Sedol Grabs Consolation Win Against Google’s AI”, Wired, March 13, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/03/go-grandmaster-lee-sedol-grabs-consolation-win-googles-ai/

326 Там же.

327 Cade Metz, “Go Grandmaster Says He’s ‘in Shock’ But Can Still Beat Google’s AI”, Wired, March 9, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/03/go-grandmaster-says-can-still-beat-googles-ai/

328 Там же.

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330 Metz, “What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human”.

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355 Cade Metz, “The Sadness and Beauty of Watching Google’s AI Play Go”, Wired, March 11, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/03/sadness-beauty-watching-googles-ai-play-go/

356 Там же.

357 Там же.

358 Metz, “What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human”.

359 Cade Metz, “In Two Moves, AlphaGo and Lee Sedol Redefined the Future”, Wired, March 16, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/03/two-moves-alphago-lee-sedol-redefined-future/

360 Metz, “What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human”.

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380 “Diabetes epidemic: 98 million people in India may have type 2 diabetes by 2030”, India Today, November 22, 2018, https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/latest-studies/story/98-million-indians-diabetes-2030-prevention-1394158-2018-11-22

381 International Council of Ophthalmology, http://www.icoph.org/ophthalmologists-worldwide.html

382 Merck Molecular Activity Challenge, https://www.kaggle.com/c/MerckActivity

383 Varun Gulshan, Lily Peng, and Marc Coram, “Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs”, JAMA 316, no. 22 (January 2016: pp. 2402–2410, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2588763

384 Там же.

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386 Там же.

387 Cade Metz, “Google’s AI Reads Retinas to Prevent Blindness in Diabetics”, Wired, November 29, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/11/googles-ai-reads-retinas-prevent-blindness-diabetics/

388 Siddhartha Mukherjee, “AI Versus M.D.”, The New Yorker, March 27, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/04/03/ai-versus-md

389 Там же.

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395 Conor Dougherty, “Google to Reorganize as Alphabet to Keep Its Lead as an Innovator”, New York Times, August 10, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/11/technology/google-alphabet-restructuring.html

396 David Rowan, “DeepMind: Inside Google’s Super-Brain”, Wired UK, June 22, 2015, https://www.wired.co.uk/article/deepmind

397 Там же.

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399 Jordan Novet, “Google’s DeepMind AI Group Unveils Health Care Ambitions”, Venturebeat, February 24, 2016, https://venturebeat.com/2016/02/24/googles-deepmind-ai-group-unveils-heath-care-ambitions/

400 Hal Hodson, “Revealed: Google AI has access to huge haul of NHS patient data”, New Scientist, April 29, 2016, https://www.newscientist.com/article/2086454-revealed-google-ai-has-access-to-huge-haul-of-nhs-patient-data/

401 Там же.

402 Timothy Revell, “Google DeepMind’s NHS data deal ‘failed to comply’ with law”, New Scientist, July 3, 2017, https://www.newscientist.com/article/2139395-google-deepminds-nhs-data-deal-failed-to-comply-with-law/

403 Nick Wingfield, “Microsoft to Buy Nokia Units and Acquire Executive”, New York Times, September 3, 2013, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/04/technology/microsoft-acquires-nokia-units-and-leader.html

404 Jeffrey Dean, Greg S. Corrado, Rajat Monga et al., “Large Scale Distributed Deep Networks”, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 25 (NIPS 2012), https://papers.nips.cc/paper/4687-large-scale-distributed-deep-networks.pdf

405 Pedro Domingos, The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World (New York: Basic Books, 2015).

406 Kurt Eichenwald, “Microsoft’s Lost Decade”, Vanity Fair, July 24, 2012, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/business/2012/08/microsoft-lost-mojo-steve-ballmer

407 Там же.

408 Jennifer Bails, “Bing It On”, Carnegie Mellon Today, October 1, 2010, https://www.cmu.edu/cmtoday/issues/october-2010-issue/feature-stories/bing-it-on/index.html

409 Catherine Shu, “Twitter Acquires Image Search Startup Madbits”, TechCrunch, July 29, 2014, https://gigaom.com/2014/07/29/twitter-acquires-deep-learning-startup-madbits/

410 Mike Issac, “Uber Bets on Artificial Intelligence with Acquisition and New Lab”, New York Times, December 5, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/technology/uber-bets-on-artificial-intelligence-with-acquisition-and-new-lab.html

411 Kara Swisher and Ina Fried, “Microsoft’s Qi Lu is leaving the company due to health issues Rajesh Jha will assume many of Lu’s responsibilities”, Recode, September 29, 2016, https://www.vox.com/2016/9/29/13103352/microsoft-qi-lu-to-exit

412 “Microsoft Veteran Will Help Run Chinese Search Giant Baidu”, Bloomberg News, January 16, 2017, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-17/microsoft-executive-qi-lu-departs-to-join-china-s-baidu-as-coo

413 Cade Metz, “Google’s Dueling Neural Networks Spar to Get Smarter, No Humans Required”, Wired, April 11, 2017, https://www.wired.com/2017/04/googles-dueling-neural-networks-spar-get-smarter-no-humans-required/

414 Там же.

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417 Davide Castelvecchi, “Astronomers explore uses for AI-generated images”, Nature, February 1, 2017, https://www.nature.com/news/astronomers-explore-uses-for-ai-generated-images-1.21398

418 Anh Nguyen, Jeff Clune, Yoshua Bengio, et al., “Plug & Play Generative Networks: Conditional Iterative Generation of Images in Latent Space”, 2016, https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.00005

419 Ming-Yu Liu, Thomas Breuel, and Jan Kautz, “Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation Networks”, 2016, https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.00848

420 Jun-Yan Zhu, Taesung Park, Phillip Isola, and Alexei A. Efros, “Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks”, 2016, https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.10593

421 Lily Jackson, “International Graduate-Student Enrollments and Applications Drop for 2nd Year in a Row”, Chronicle of Higher Education, February 7, 2019, https://www.chronicle.com/article/International-Graduate-Student/245624

422 “Microsoft Acquires Artificial-Intelligence Startup Maluuba”, Wall Street Journal, January 13, 2007, https://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-acquires-artificial-intelligence-startup-maluuba-1484338762

423 Steve Lohr, “Canada Tries to Turn Its AI Ideas into Dollars”, New York Times, April 9, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/09/technology/canada-artificial-intelligence.html

424 Там же.

425 Там же.

426 Mike Isaac, “Facebook, in Cross Hairs After Election, Is Said to Question Its Influence”, New York Times, November 12, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/14/technology/facebook-is-said-to-question-its-influence-in-election.html

427 Craig Silverman, “Here Are 50 of the Biggest Fake News Hits on Facebook from 2016”, Buzzfeed News, December 30, 2016, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/top-fake-news-of-2016

428 Scott Shane and Vindu Goel, “Fake Russian Facebook Accounts Bought $100,000 in Political Ads”, New York Times, September 6, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/06/technology/facebook-russian-political-ads.html

429 Supasorn Suwajanakorn, Steven Seitz, and Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman, “Synthesizing Obama: Learning Lip Sync from Audio”, 2017, https://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/AudioToObama/

430 “Watch Trump and Obama Speak in Mandarin thanks to AI”, YouTube, https://youtu.be/-ISWe9mGNiw

431 Tero Karras, Timo