Полимат. История универсальных людей от Леонардо да Винчи до Сьюзен Сонтаг - Питер Бёрк

translation, New York, 1970); Michael J. Crowe, 'Herschel, John Frederick William', ODNB 26, 825–31; Richard Holmes, The Age of Wonder: How the Romantic Generation Discovered the Beauty and Terror of Science (2008: new edn, London, 2009), 387–411; James A. Secord, 'The Conduct of Everyday Life: John Herschel's Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy', in his Visions of Science (Oxford, 2014), 80–106.

371

Laura J. Snyder, The Philosophical Breakfast Club: Four Remarkable Friends who Transformed Knowledge and Changed the World (New York, 2011).

372

Robert E. Butts, 'Whewell, William', DSB 14, 292–5; Richard Yeo, Defining Science: William Whewell, Natural Knowledge, and Public Debate in Early Victorian Britain (Cambridge, 1993); он же, 'Whewell, William', ODNB 58, 463–70.

373

John Herschel, Proceedings of the Royal Society 16 (1867–8), liii.

374

Yeo, Defining Science, 57; J. M. F. Wright, Alma Mater (London, 1827).

375

R. A. Hyman, Charles Babbage (London, 1982); Doron Swade, The Cogwheel Brain: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer (London, 2000); он же, 'Babbage, Charles', ODNB 3, 68–74; James A. Secord, 'The Economy of Intelligence: Charles Babbage's Reflections on the Decline of Science in England', in his Visions of Science (Oxford, 2014), 52–79.

376

Isaiah Berlin, 'Herder and the Enlightenment', in Vico and Herder (London, 1976), 145–216; Jürgen Trabant, 'Herder and Language', in Hans Adler and Wolf Koepke (eds.), Companion to the Works of Johann Gottfried Herder (Rochester, NY, 2009), 117–39.

377

Walter H. Bruford, Culture and Society in Classical Weimar, 1775–1806 (Cambridge, 1962), 174–235; Peter H. Reill, 'Herder's Historical Practice and the Discourse of Late Enlightenment Science', in Wulf Koepke (ed.), Johann Gottfried Herder, Academic Disciplines and the Pursuit of Knowledge (Columbia, SC, 1996), 13–21; Elías Palti, 'The «Metaphor of Life»: Herder's Philosophy of History and Uneven Developments in Late Eighteenth-Century Natural Sciences', History and Theory 38 (1999), 322–47; Dalia Nassar, 'Understanding as Explanation: The Significance of Herder's and Goethe's Science of Describing', in Anik Waldow and Nigel DeSouza (eds.), Herder: Philosophy and Anthropology (Oxford, 2017), 106–25.

378

Nicholas Boyle, Goethe: The Poet and the Age, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1991–2000).

379

Katharina Mommsen, Goethe and the Poets of Arabia (1988; English translation: Rochester, NY, 2014).

380

Hugh A. Nisbet, Goethe and the Scientific Tradition (1972); George A. Wells, Goethe and the Development of Science (Alphen, 1978); F. Amrine et al., Goethe and the Sciences (Dordrecht, 1987).

381

Paul R. Sweet, Wilhelm von Humboldt: A Biography, 2 vols. (Columbus, OH, 1978–80); Tilman Borsche, Wilhelm von Humboldt (Munich, 1990); Peter H. Reill, 'Science and the Construction of the Cultural Sciences in Late Enlightenment Germany: The Case of Wilhelm von Humboldt', History and Theory 33 (1994), 345–66; K. Muller-Vollmer, 'Wilhelm von Humboldt', Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wilhelm-humboldt.

382

Ole Hansen-Love, La révolution copernicienne du langage dans l'oevre de Wilhelm von Humboldt (Paris, 1972).

383

Ralph W. Emerson, Works, 17 vols. (London, 1904–5), vol. xi, 458.

384

Kurt-R. Biermann and Ingo Schwarz (1997) 'Der polyglotte Alexander von Humboldt', Mitteilungen der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung H69, 39–44.

385

Bettina Hey'l, Das Ganze der Natur und die Differenzierung des Wissens: Alexander von Humboldt als Schriftsteller (Berlin, 2007), 7–10, 386–394 and passim.

386

Die letzte Universalgelehrte: Claudia Schülke, https://www.welt.de› Wissenschaft, 4 May 2009.

387

Auguste Comte, 'Préface personnelle', Cours de Philosophie Positive, 6 vols. (1830–42, переиздание – Brussels, 1969), vol. 6, v – xxxviii. См. также: Mary Pickering, Auguste Comte: An Intellectual Biography, 3 vols. (Cambridge, 1993–2009).

388

Comte, Cours, vol. 1, 1–115. См. также: Johan Heilbron, 'Auguste Comte and Modern Epistemology', Sociological Theory 8 (1990), 153–62; Pickering, Auguste Comte, vol. 1, 445, 561–604.

389

Sydney Elsen, 'Herbert Spencer and the Spectre of Comte', Journal of British Studies 7 (1967), 48–67.

390

John D. Y. Peel, Herbert Spencer: The Evolution of a Sociologist (London, 1971); Greta Jones and Robert Peel, Herbert Spencer: The Intellectual Legacy (London, 2004); José Harris, 'Spencer, Herbert', ODNB 51, 851–61.

391

Общие труды о Марксе очень многочисленны, от Isaiah Berlin, Karl Marx (London, 1939) до Gareth Stedman Jones, Karl Marx: Greatness and Illusion (London, 2016).

392

Lawrence Krader (ed.), The Ethnological Notebooks of Karl Marx (Assen, 1972).

393

Цит. по: Eric Hobsbawm, 'Marx, Karl', ODNB 37, 57–66, at 60.

394

Jones, Karl Marx, 434, 593.

395

René Wellek, A History of Modern Criticism 1750–1950, 4 vols. (Cambridge, 1955–65), vol. 3, 34–72; Wolf Lepenies, Sainte-Beuve: Auf der Schwelle zur Moderne (Munich, 1997).

396

François Furet and Françoise Mélonio, 'introduction' to Tocqueville, Oeuvres, vol. 1 (Paris, 2004); Raymond Aron, Main Currents in Sociological Thought, 2 vols. (Harmondsworth, 1968–70), vol. 1, 183–232; Melvin Richter, 'Tocqueville on Algeria', Review of Politics 25 (1963), 362–98.

397

Jean-Louis Benoît, Tocqueville (Paris, 2005). xii.

398

Richard Swedberg, Tocqueville's Political Economy (Princeton, NJ, 2009), 73.

399

H. W. Wardman, Ernest Renan: A Critical Biography (London, 1964), 211. См. также: Jean-Pierre Van Deth, Renan (Paris, 2012); Henry Laurens (ed.), Ernest Renan (Paris, 2013).

400

Историк Габриэль Моно, цит. по: Laurens, Renan, 10.

401

Leo Weinstein, Hippolyte Taine (New York, 1972); Regina Pozzi, Hippolyte Taine: scienze umane e politica nel 'Ottocento (Venice, 1993); Nathalie Richard, Hippolyte Taine: histoire, psychologie, littérature (Paris, 2013).

402

Pozzi, Hippolyte Taine, 24.

403

Richard, Hippolyte Taine, 81.

404

Цит. по: Weinstein, Hippolyte Taine, 26.

405

Ann P. Robson, 'Mill, Harriet', ODNB 38, 143–6; Dale E. Miller, 'Harriet Taylor Mill', in Edward N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy (Stanford, CA, 2015): https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2015/entries/harriet-mill.

406

Nicholas Capaldi, John Stuart Mill: A Biography (Cambridge, 2004); Jose Harris, 'Mill, John Stuart', ODNB 38, 155–75.

407

Timothy Hilton, John Ruskin, 2 vols. (New Haven CT, 1985–2000); Robert