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10. Cassiodorus, The Letters of Cassiodorus, trans. Thomas Hodgkin (1886), pp. 518–520.

11. John Savino and Marie D. Jones, Supervolcano, (2007), p. 85.

12. Keys, p. 259.

1. Keys, pp. 5, 189–190.

2. Richard E. W. Adams, Ancient Civilizations of the New World (1997), pp. 50–51.

3. Joyce Marcus, «The Origins of Mesoamerican Writing», Annual Review of Anthropology, 5 (1976), p. 37.

4. Ibid., pp. 39–40.

5. Elizabeth Hill Boone, Cycles of Time and Meaning in the Mexican Books of Fate (2007), p. 14.

6. Keys, pp. 186-87; Adams, pp. 43–44; George L. Cowgill, «State and Society at Teotihuacan, Mexico», Annual Review of Anthropology, 26 (1997), pp. 129–130.

7. Saburo Sugiyama, «Worldview Materialized in Teotihuacan, Mexico», Latin American Antiquity, 4: 2 (1993), p. 105.

8. Richard Haly, «Bare Bones: Rethinking Mesoamerican Divinity», History of Religions, 31: 3 (1992), pp. 280–281.

9. Ibid., p. 287.

10. Boone, p. 13.

11. Haly, p. 297; Keys, p. 193.

12. Rene Millon, «Teotihuacan: City, State and Civilization», in Victoria Reifler Bricker, ed., Supplement to the Handbook of Middle American Indians, vol. 1, pp. 235–238; Norman Yoffee, ed., The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations (1988), pp. 149ff; Keys, pp. 192–193, 197–198.

13. Ernesto Gonzalez Licon, Vanished Mesoamerican Civilizations, trans. Andrew Ellis (1991), pp. 81–83.

14. Ibid., p. 92.

1. John J. Saunders, A History of Medieval Islam (1978), pp. 5–6.

2. Karen Armstrong, Muhammad (1993), p. 62.

3. Irfan Shahid, Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, vol. 2, Part 1 (2002), pp. 2–3, 140; Hugh Kennedy, The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates, 2d ed. (2004), p.17.

4. Alois Grillmeier, Christ in Christian Tradition, vol. 2, trans. О. C. Dean (1996), p. 306.

5. «The Letter of Simeon of Beth Arsham», quoted in Dionysius, Chronicle, part

3, trans. Witold Witakowski (1996), pp. 53–57, and in Stuart Munro-Hay, The Quest for the Ark of the Covenant (1996), pp. 60–62.

6. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1,1.10; Saunders, History of Medieval Islam, p. 13; Armstrong Muhammad, p. 56; Grillmeier, p. 320.

7. Procopius, Secret History, 1.1–1.2, 9.15.

8. Ibid., 9.27–30.

9. James Stevenson, ed., Creeds, Councils and Controversies (1966), p. 337.

10. Sevetus of AFAshmunein, History of the Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, trans. B. Evens (1904), Chapter 13; Antigone Samellas, Death in the Eastern Mediterranean (50-600 a.d.) (2002), p. 41 n. 77.

11. Fred Blume, trans., Annotated Justinian Code (2008), 5.4.

12. Gregory, pp. 124–126.

13. Blume, 1.14.

14. Ibid., 1.1.

15. Quoted in Sara Rappe, Reading Neoplatonism (2000), p. 197.

1. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, pp. 148–149, 398.

2. Procopius, Secret History, 13.32.

3. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 1.24.

4. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, pp. 340–341.

5. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 1.24.

6. Ibid., 1.24.

7. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, pp. 344–345.

8. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 7 (1940), l.i.

9. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 2, 3.20.

10. Pohl, «The Vandals», pp. 44–45; Collins, pp. 38–39.

11. Gregory, p. 121; Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 3, 5.3.

12. Cassiodorus, p. 444.

13. Gregory, p. 136; Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, pp. 394–395.

14. Collins (1999), p. 198; Burns, pp. 206–207.

15. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 3, 6.6.

16. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. 158.

17. Ehsan Yarshater, ed., The Cambridge History of Iran (1983), p. 155.

18. al-Tabari History, vol. 5, pp. 157–158.

19. Yarshater, p. 155.

20. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 2.22.

21. Ibid., 2.13; William Rosen, Justinian’s Flea (2007), p. 223.

22. Evagrius Scholasticus (1846), 29; Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 2.23.

23. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 1, pp. 434–435.

24. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 2.27.

25. Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, Books 1–5, trans. RoyJ. Deferrari (1953), p. 82.

26. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 2: 12; Evagrius Scholasticus, 27.

27. Procopius, History of the Wars and Buildings, vol. 1, 2.22; Evagrius Scholasticus 29; Rosen, pp. 222–223.

1. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 43.

2. Ibid., p. 46.

3. Robert Karl Reischauer, Early Japanese History (c. 40 BC – AD 1167), part A (1967), pp. 8–9; Milton W. Meyer, Japan, 3d ed. (1993), p. 27.

4. Reischauer, p. 11.

5. Reischauer, p. 134; Richard Bowring, The Religious Traditions of Japan, 500-1600 (2005), p. 15.

6. Lee, New History of Korea, pp. 44–47.

7. Reischauer, p. 134.

8. Bowring, pp. 40–41.

9. Joan R. Piggott, The Emergence of Japanese Kingship (1997), p. 75.

10. Reischauer, p. 138.

11. Reischauer, p. 139; Meyer, p. 33.

12. Kuroita-Katsumi, Prince Shotoku and His Seventeen-Article Constitution (1940), pp. 20–22.

1. Yang Xuanzhi, «А Northerner’s Defense of Northern Culture», in Patricia Ebrey, ed., Chinese Civilization, id ed., (1993), pp. 10-110.

2. MacGowan, pp. 240–241.

3. Paludan, p. 75.

4. Yan Zhitui, «Advice to His Sons», in Ebrey, pp. 110–111.

5. Arthur F. Wright, The Sui Dynasty (1978), pp. 57–58.

6. Quoted in ibid., p. 58.